Learn about the research behind Top Hat

We’ve done our homework on student success.

We live in a golden era of discovery about the ways people learn. Top Hat is taking advantage of insights from learning science to help educators improve student outcomes. With evidence-based product design focused on engaged learning, our engagement platform empowers educators to deliver courses more effectively and drive student success in any discipline.

Speak to a Top Hat Instructional Designer

What research has
shown us about improving student outcomes.

Over the past 30 years, advancements in the science of learning have led to some well-established principles and evidence-based practices for better outcomes. What we’ve discovered is that strategies like timely feedback, interleaving topics, spaced studying, and retrieval practice are more effective for learning. These practices call for more frequent low-stakes assessments (low- or no-grade testing done as practice) throughout students’ learning journeys.

Key takeaways:

  • pink checkmark icon

    Research has consistently shown that frequent low-stakes assessments can improve students’ retention and understanding across many disciplines

  • pink checkmark icon

    Assessments are commonly used as tools to measure learning, but they can also be used to enhance it—instructors can have students activate recall while they learn in class or read a text, rather than only during high-stakes assessments

  • pink checkmark icon

    This approach enables retrieval practice, a strategy to strengthen memory by recalling information

  • pink checkmark icon

    As a dynamic courseware platform for active learning, Top Hat makes it easy for educators to incorporate frequent low-stakes assessments in and outside of class

The Impact of Frequent, Low-Stakes Assessments summary cover

83%

of students agree that Top Hat helped them be successful in their course.

Source: Top Hat Student Survey Spring 2023; n = 4,146

Download Our Research Summary

What research has
taught us about improving student outcomes.

Over the past 30 years, advancements in the science of learning have led to some well-established principles and evidence-based practices for better outcomes. What we’ve discovered is that strategies like timely feedback, interleaving topics, spaced studying, and retrieval practice are more effective for learning. These practices call for more frequent low-stakes assessments (low- or no-grade testing done as practice) throughout students’ learning journeys.

Key takeaways:

  • pink checkmark icon

    Research has consistently shown that frequent low-stakes assessments can improve students’ retention and understanding across many disciplines

  • pink checkmark icon

    Assessments are commonly used as tools to measure learning, but they can also be used to enhance it—instructors can have students activate recall while they learn in class or read a text, rather than only during high-stakes assessments

  • pink checkmark icon

    This approach enables retrieval practice, a strategy to strengthen memory by recalling information

  • pink checkmark icon

    As a dynamic courseware platform for active learning, Top Hat makes it easy for educators to incorporate frequent low-stakes assessments in and outside of class

83%

of students agree that Top Hat helped them be successful in their course.

Source: Top Hat Student Survey Spring 2023; n = 4,146

Download Our Research Summary
frequent assessment video cover

Our commitment to the science of learning

At Top Hat, it’s our mission to make higher education more effective for everyone. That’s why we are committed to using evidence-based, learning science-backed design across our platform so all students can learn better. Our learning design team incorporates science into the design of new features so we can ensure our platform empowers educators with best practices in teaching, learning, and assessments.

Our platform and content are designed based on learning science:

  • student response tools

    Our student response tools engage students in retrieval practice through answering questions at regular intervals, enabling assessment at all levels of Bloom's Taxonomy (from simple remembering and understanding to creating) and scaffolded assessment with immediate feedback

  • dynamic texts

    Our platform engages students in peer-to-peer interactions through their eText learning experiences and in-class discussions to foster a stronger sense of belonging.

Our dynamic eTexts are developed with best practices:

  • eTexts homework

    Our eTexts are designed to assess mastery effectively and reduce barriers to learning. We offer author training, instructional design support, and editorial reviews to ensure that eTexts have learning objective-aligned content, effective assessments, and inclusive content.

  • eTexts library

    Our eTexts feature interspersed formative assessments and activities that engage students in retrieval practice so they can learn by doing. eTexts are also designed to enable spaced practice and interleaving of materials throughout the learning experience.

Learning science is part of our onboarding and support:

  • top hat integration

    Our instructional design team incorporates evidence-informed approaches to help instructors integrate Top Hat into their course, enabling strategies such as interleaving, retrieval practice, data-informed iteration, and more

  • Dedicated team for coaching faculty to design an impactful learning experience

    These team members have earned certificates and advanced degrees in learning design, and they are familiar with the needs of instructors and students

    The team collects feedback from instructors, instructional designers, and academic technologists who participate in consultations and training sessions, which helps us continually iterate and improve feature functionality

Download Our Research Summary

Let evidence inform your teaching practice.

With Top Hat, educators can easily adopt research-based active learning strategies for their course. We also work with institutions so they can apply these strategies at scale to make a larger impact on student outcomes across campus.

  • List item illustration

    Use Top Hat to deliver frequent, formative assessment that engages students in the process of thinking about their own thinking

  • List item illustration

    Interspersing assessments and reflection throughout material raises students’ awareness of their own learning and creates insights for educators

  • List item illustration

    Actionable insights gathered from features across the platform enable educators to identify top performers, struggling students, and difficult topics, allowing them to easily reach out to students early and often

  • List item illustration

    Top Hat can be used by educators for active learning strategies like peer learning, think-pair-share, team-based learning, problem-based learning, to collect entry and exit tickets, and much more

  • List item illustration

    During class, real time insights give educators more opportunities to adapt their teaching on the fly

  • List item illustration

    With 14+ question types, educators can help students climb Bloom’s Taxonomy, from simple remembering and understanding to evaluating and creating

Intentional Course Design image

The Top Hat Guide to Intentional Course Design offers tools and inspiration for applying these strategies to your own teaching.

Speak to a Top Hat Instructional Designer

Real classrooms. Real results.

Discover below how educators are using Top Hat today to create real results for their students. Plus, see the estimated impact of an Institution-Wide Partnership with our ROI Calculator.

Engagement in Cross-Cultural Large Lecture Classrooms: Using Top Hat Technology to Include Students in the Discussion

RayeCarol Cavender and Trina Gannon (2019), Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

About the study

Goal:

Quantify the impact Top Hat has on engagement, openness and ability to help achieve course objectives in a large Fashion course

Method:

Survey of their students on perceptions of class climate and Top Hat’s features (n=171)

Key Findings
67%

of respondents agreed that Top Hat increased their sense of connectedness with others

88%

of respondents agreed that Top Hat’s anonymity allowed them to respond more honestly

Support illustration

Students believe Top Hat helped them achieve their course objectives

Rayecarol photo

RAYECAROL CAVENDER

Human Environmental Sciences
University of Kentucky

Trina photo

TRINA GANNON

Consumer Sciences
Ohio University

“I feel like it made everyone feel equal.”

—Student Participant

Technology and the Post-secondary Classroom: A Critical Inquiry into BYOD Student Experience in Human Sexuality

Matt Numer and Rebecca Spencer (2016), International Journal of Technologies in Learning

About the study

Goal:

Assess Top Hat’s impact on student engagement and critical thinking over 3 semesters

Quantitative Methods:

Online survey of their students (n=152) and a pre- and post-critical thinking test (n=47)

Qualitative Methods:

OBYOD feedback form (n=43), focus groups (n=11)

Key Findings
Higher Critical Thinking Scores/bar-chart

Students scored significantly higher on the critical thinking test after using Top Hat

engagement icon

Students strongly agreed (4.5+ rating) that Top Hat facilitated engagement, allowed more comfortable responses to sensitive material and added value to seeing peers’ perspectives

Matt photo

MATT NUMER

Human Sexuality
Dalhousie University

Rebecca photo

REBECCA SPENCER

Human Sexuality
Dalhousie University

“This was the most engaging course I have ever been in. I loved answering questions and seeing the opinions of my peers. The environment of the class allowed for students to be open about their opinions.”

—Student Participant

Exploring Top Hat’s Impact on Undergraduate Students’ Belonging, Engagement, and Self-Confidence

Rebecca Spencer et al. (2020), Journal of Research on Technology in Education

About the study

Goal:

Assess Top Hat’s impact on student sentiments in a Human Sexuality course

Key Findings
participation icon

Positive student sentiment for their participation, anonymity and convenience of access

Quantitative Methods:

Pre-post surveys of their students administered during week 1 and week 12 (n=140)

Qualitative Methods:

Three 90-minute focus groups with 2–7 participants in each

belonging icon

Top Hat led to a significantly higher sense of belonging and self-confidence among students by the end of the course compared to their reported sentiments at the start of class

Rebecca photo

REBECCA SPENCER

Human Sexuality
Dalhousie University

Goal:

Assess Top Hat’s impact on student sentiments in a Human Sexuality course

Quantitative Methods:

Pre-post surveys of their students administered during week 1 and week 12 (n=140)

Qualitative Methods:

Three 90-minute focus groups with 2–7 participants in each

Key Findings
participation icon

Positive student sentiment for their participation, anonymity and convenience of access

belonging icon

Top Hat led to a significantly higher sense of belonging and self-confidence among students by the end of the course compared to their reported sentiments at the start of class

Rebecca photo

REBECCA SPENCER

Human Sexuality
Dalhousie University

“I most definitely would not ever talk in class, at least not in a class of that size … this is extremely useful for asking questions in class … and getting people to participate.

—Student Participant